CIGARETTE EFFECTS
The are two types of smoking effect,
the short term effect and the long term effect. Thirty
(30%) percent of it goes to direct smokers and seventy
(70%) percent goes to the passive smokers.
SHORT TERM
EFFECTS
Normally, cigarette users has dry
skin and hair, smell ashtray, feel dizziness, nausea,
keep on spitting, black lips and gums, yellow teeth
and nails. Other short term effects are effects of
nicotine ingestion include increases in heart rate,
blood flow to the heart and blood pressure. Cause dizziness,
drowsiness, stomach upset, nausea and breathing problems.
Systemic effects include: agitation, headache,
sweating, dizziness, auditory and visual disturbances,
confusion, weakness and lack of coordination.
LONG TERM
EFFECTS
As smokers continue to smoke over time and
consume nicotine, they will also experience long-term
effects including coronary heart disease, stroke and
a variety of cancers, including cancer of the mouth,
esophagus, lungs, kidneys, bladder and larynx. Smoking
and inhaling nicotine over a long period of time can
also cause blindness, as well as a risk of blood clots
in women. A transient increase in blood pressure, followed
by hypertension, bradycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,
or cardiac standstill may be observed. In severe poisoning,
tremor, convulsions and coma occur. Faintness,
prostration, cyanosis and dyspnoea progress to collapse. Death
may occur from paralysis of respiratory muscles and/or
central respiratory failure.




This was proven by Dr.
Leroy E. Burney issued the US Public Health Service's
first statement on cigarette smoking In July 1957.
It identified smoking as a cause of lung cancer. Each
succeeding Surgeon General has had occasion to issue
additional and stronger warnings. These have linked
smoking with lung cancer, with heart disease, with
chronic lung disease, with other cancers, and with
increases in overall mortality.
In 1962 the Royal College of Physicians in London
concluded that "Cigarette smoking is a cause
of lung cancer and bronchitis, and probably contributes
to the development of coronary heart disease and various
other less common diseases. It delays healing of gastric
and duodenal ulcers, Fifteen years later in 1979,
there was no longer any doubt that cigarette smoking
was directly related to coronary heart disease for
both men and women in the United States.
By 1982, the foreword to the surgeon
general’s report declared that "Cigarette
smoking is a major cause of cancers of the lung, larynx,
oral cavity, and esophagus, and is a contributory factor
for the development of cancers of the bladder, pancreas,
and kidney. Traditionally, chronic bronchitis and
emphysema have been subsumed under the term chronic
obstructive lung diseases which are also known as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease.
- chronic mucus hypersecretion, resulting in chronic cough and phlegm production;
- airway thickening and narrowing with expiratory airflow obstruction;
- and emphysema, which is an abnormal dilation of the distal airspaces along with destruction of alveolar walls. The last two conditions can develop into symptomatic ventilatory limitation.
PASSIVE SMOKERS




Those person or people around direct
users are called Passive Smokers. This is normally
identified in the home if for instance the Father smoke
and his family not, all his children and wife who inhale
what the Father exhale are affected with secondhand
smoke disease. This is also happened in the passenger
bus, jeepney, restaurant, cinema, terminal, alley,
and so forth.
- Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke.
- Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems, and more severe asthma. Smoking by parents causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth in their children.
- Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease and lung cancer
According to Len Johnson on his Wikipedia article entitled "Tobacco Smoking"
Passive smoking (also known as environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS), involuntary smoking or second hand smoke)
occurs when the exhaled and ambient smoke from one
person's cigarette is inhaled by other people. Non-smokers
exposed to second hand smoke are at greater risk for
many of the health problems associated with direct
smoking.
In 1992, the Journal of the American Medical
Association published a review of the evidence available
from epidemiological and other studies regarding the
relationship between second hand smoke and heart disease
and estimated that passive smoking was responsible
for 35,000 to 40,000 deaths per year in the United
States in the early 1980s1.
Non-smokers living with
smokers have about a 25 per cent increase in risk
of death from heart attack and are also more likely
to suffer a stroke, and some research suggests that
risks to non-smokers may be even greater than this
estimate. One recent study in the British Medical Journal
found that exposure to second hand smoke increases
the risk of heart disease among non-smokers by as much
as 60 percent!.
Passive smoking is especially risky
for children and babies and can cause low birth weight
babies, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), bronchitis,
pneumonia, and middle ear infections.
Some controversy has attended efforts to estimate the specific risk of lung cancer related to passive smoking. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1993 issued a report estimating that 3,000 lung cancer related deaths in the US were caused by passive smoking every year. Tobacco industry lobbyists, such as the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, and industry-funded researchers, such as S. Fred Singer, aggressively attacked the EPA study as "junk science".
In
2002, a group of 29 experts from 12 countries convened
by the Monographs Programme of the International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization
reviewed all significant published evidence related
to tobacco smoking and cancer. It concluded its evaluation
of the carcinogenic risks associated with involuntary
smoking, with second-hand smoke also being classified
as carcinogenic to humans.
An earlier WHO epidemiology
study also found "weak evidence of a dose-response relationship between risk of lung cancer and exposure to spousal and workplace ETS". The fact that the evidence was described as "weak" has been interpreted by the tobacco industry and its supporters as evidence that the ETS-lung cancer link has been "disproven".
More
precisely, the "weakness" of the evidence
stems from the fact that the risk of ETS for individuals
is small relative to the very high risk of actually
smoking, making it more difficult to quantify through
epidemiology. In addition to epidemiology, moreover,
several other types of scientific evidence (including
animal experiments, chemical constituent analysis of
ETS, and human metabolic studies) support the WHO and
EPA conclusions.
Many experts believe that moderate,
occasional exposure to second hand smoke presents a
low cancer risk to non-smokers, but the risk is more
likely to be significant if non-smokers work in an
environment where cigarette smoke is prevalent. For
this reason, many countries (such as Ireland) and jurisdictions
(like New York State) now prohibit smoking in public
buildings. Many office buildings contain specially
ventilated smoking areas; some are required by law
to provide them.