CIGARETTE EFFECTS

 

The are two types of smoking effect, the short term effect and the long term effect. Thirty (30%) percent of it goes to direct smokers and seventy (70%) percent goes to the passive smokers.

 

SHORT TERM EFFECTS

 

Normally, cigarette users has dry skin and hair, smell ashtray, feel dizziness, nausea, keep on spitting, black lips and gums, yellow teeth and nails. Other short term effects are effects of nicotine ingestion include increases in heart rate, blood flow to the heart and blood pressure. Cause dizziness, drowsiness, stomach upset, nausea and breathing problems. Systemic effects include:  agitation, headache, sweating, dizziness, auditory and visual disturbances, confusion, weakness and lack of coordination.

 

LONG TERM EFFECTS

 

As smokers continue to smoke over time and consume nicotine, they will also experience long-term effects including coronary heart disease, stroke and a variety of cancers, including cancer of the mouth, esophagus, lungs, kidneys, bladder and larynx. Smoking and inhaling nicotine over a long period of time can also cause blindness, as well as a risk of blood clots in women. A transient increase in blood pressure, followed by hypertension, bradycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, or cardiac standstill may be observed. In severe poisoning, tremor, convulsions and coma occur.  Faintness, prostration, cyanosis and dyspnoea progress to collapse.  Death may occur from paralysis of respiratory muscles and/or central respiratory failure.

 

 

This was proven by Dr. Leroy E. Burney issued the US Public Health Service's first statement on cigarette smoking In July 1957. It identified smoking as a cause of lung cancer. Each succeeding Surgeon General has had occasion to issue additional and stronger warnings. These have linked smoking with lung cancer, with heart disease, with chronic lung disease, with other cancers, and with increases in overall mortality.

 

In 1962 the Royal College of Physicians in London concluded that "Cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer and bronchitis, and probably contributes to the development of coronary heart disease and various other less common diseases. It delays healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers, Fifteen years later in 1979, there was no longer any doubt that cigarette smoking was directly related to coronary heart disease for both men and women in the United States.

 

By 1982, the foreword to the surgeon general’s report declared that "Cigarette smoking is a major cause of cancers of the lung, larynx, oral cavity, and esophagus, and is a contributory factor for the development of cancers of the bladder, pancreas, and kidney. Traditionally, chronic bronchitis and emphysema have been subsumed under the term chronic obstructive lung diseases which are also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

 

• chronic mucus hypersecretion, resulting in chronic cough and phlegm production;
• airway thickening and narrowing with expiratory airflow obstruction;
• and emphysema, which is an abnormal dilation of the distal airspaces along with destruction of alveolar walls. The last two conditions can develop into symptomatic ventilatory limitation.

 

PASSIVE SMOKERS

 

 

Those person or people around direct users are called Passive Smokers. This is normally identified in the home if for instance the Father smoke and his family not, all his children and wife who inhale what the Father exhale are affected with secondhand smoke disease. This is also happened in the passenger bus, jeepney, restaurant, cinema, terminal, alley, and so forth.

 

• Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke.
• Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems, and more severe asthma. Smoking by parents causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth in their children.
• Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease and lung cancer

 

According to Len Johnson on his Wikipedia article entitled "Tobacco Smoking"

Passive smoking (also known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), involuntary smoking or second hand smoke) occurs when the exhaled and ambient smoke from one person's cigarette is inhaled by other people. Non-smokers exposed to second hand smoke are at greater risk for many of the health problems associated with direct smoking.

 

In 1992, the Journal of the American Medical Association published a review of the evidence available from epidemiological and other studies regarding the relationship between second hand smoke and heart disease and estimated that passive smoking was responsible for 35,000 to 40,000 deaths per year in the United States in the early 1980s1.

 

Non-smokers living with smokers have about a 25 per cent increase in risk of death from heart attack and are also more likely to suffer a stroke, and some research suggests that risks to non-smokers may be even greater than this estimate. One recent study in the British Medical Journal found that exposure to second hand smoke increases the risk of heart disease among non-smokers by as much as 60 percent!.

 

Passive smoking is especially risky for children and babies and can cause low birth weight babies, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), bronchitis, pneumonia, and middle ear infections.

Some controversy has attended efforts to estimate the specific risk of lung cancer related to passive smoking. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1993 issued a report estimating that 3,000 lung cancer related deaths in the US were caused by passive smoking every year. Tobacco industry lobbyists, such as the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, and industry-funded researchers, such as S. Fred Singer, aggressively attacked the EPA study as "junk science".

 

In 2002, a group of 29 experts from 12 countries convened by the Monographs Programme of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization reviewed all significant published evidence related to tobacco smoking and cancer. It concluded its evaluation of the carcinogenic risks associated with involuntary smoking, with second-hand smoke also being classified as carcinogenic to humans.

 

An earlier WHO epidemiology study also found "weak evidence of a dose-response relationship between risk of lung cancer and exposure to spousal and workplace ETS". The fact that the evidence was described as "weak" has been interpreted by the tobacco industry and its supporters as evidence that the ETS-lung cancer link has been "disproven".

 

More precisely, the "weakness" of the evidence stems from the fact that the risk of ETS for individuals is small relative to the very high risk of actually smoking, making it more difficult to quantify through epidemiology. In addition to epidemiology, moreover, several other types of scientific evidence (including animal experiments, chemical constituent analysis of ETS, and human metabolic studies) support the WHO and EPA conclusions.

 

Many experts believe that moderate, occasional exposure to second hand smoke presents a low cancer risk to non-smokers, but the risk is more likely to be significant if non-smokers work in an environment where cigarette smoke is prevalent. For this reason, many countries (such as Ireland) and jurisdictions (like New York State) now prohibit smoking in public buildings. Many office buildings contain specially ventilated smoking areas; some are required by law to provide them.